“Blessed is he that readeth, and they that hear the words of this prophecy, and keep those things which are written therein: for the time is at hand.” (Revelation 1:3, KJV)

ABSTRACT

This article explores the composition of the 144,000 in Seventh-day Adventist theology, addressing the longstanding question of whether this sealed company includes faithful believers who died under the Third Angel’s Message or is limited to those translated without tasting death. Drawing from a foundational letter of inquiry, historical Adventist contexts beginning in 1848, scriptural passages such as Revelation 7 and Daniel 12, and the writings of Ellen G. White and pioneers like James White and Uriah Smith, the discussion affirms an inclusive view: through a special resurrection, those who died in faith are raised glorified to join the living saints in enduring Jacob’s trouble, sharing the final trials, singing a unique song of deliverance, and standing as firstfruits redeemed from among the living at Christ’s return. Emphasizing the Sabbath as God’s seal, character purification, and divine protection amid spiritual warfare, the article counters modern exclusivist interpretations, highlights God’s boundless love and justice that honors all faithful souls, and calls believers to diligent personal consecration, scriptural study, and compassionate mission work in preparation for eternity.

THE URGENT QUEST FOR UNDERSTANDING IN THESE LAST DAYS!

The purpose of this exploration is to address a question of profound spiritual significance, one that has stirred the hearts of sincere believers: the composition of the 144,000. Specifically, will this unique company include those faithful souls who have died under the Third Angel’s Message, or is it reserved exclusively for those who will be translated without tasting death? This article endeavors to furnish a comprehensive, biblically sound, and engaging examination of this vital subject. It draws upon the foundational letter of inquiry provided, a letter that itself echoes historical concerns, and enriches this foundation with deeper scriptural and prophetic insights. The questions posed are not new; they represent an enduring quest for clarity within Adventism, highlighting the timeless importance of these doctrines and the necessity for each generation to understand them deeply.

In these closing moments of earth’s history, the pursuit of understanding our place in prophecy, the nature of God’s promises, and the identity of His sealed people transcends mere academic curiosity; it is a matter of utmost spiritual importance. It touches upon our most cherished hopes, our comprehension of God’s infinite justice and boundless mercy, and our diligent preparation for the imminent return of Christ. The heartfelt query, “How could this be if they are taken partly from ‘among the dead?’” articulates a common desire to harmonize all inspired utterances and to grasp the fullness of God’s magnificent plan. The modern context, where some interpretations suggest the 144,000 are only those who never die, has become “widely accepted,” potentially sowing seeds of confusion, further underscores the need for this clear reaffirmation of the original, biblically-grounded understanding. “The Lord is not slack concerning his promise, as some men count slackness; but is longsuffering to us-ward, not willing that any should perish, but that all should come to repentance.” (2 Peter 3:9, KJV). “For the vision is yet for an appointed time, but at the end it shall speak, and not lie: though it tarry, wait for it; because it will surely come, it will not tarry.” (Habakkuk 2:3, KJV). Sr. White affirms, “The work of God in the earth presents, from age to age, a striking similarity in every great reformation or religious movement. The principles of God’s dealing with men are ever the same.” (The Great Controversy, p. 343, 1911). “God will have a people upon the earth to maintain the Bible, and the Bible only, as the standard of all doctrines and the basis of all reforms.” (The Great Controversy, p. 595, 1911). Therefore, this journey will traverse the paths of early Adventist history, meticulously examine the direct testimonies of the Holy Scriptures and the Spirit of Prophecy as manifested in the writings of Sr. White, and consider the harmonious teachings of our pioneers. How can we fully grasp the divine sealing message that marks God’s chosen?

THE HISTORICAL UNFOLDING OF THE SEALING MESSAGE! A LOOK BACK AT THE DAWN OF A VITAL TRUTH!

The sealing message, as described in Revelation chapter 7, was not an isolated doctrine that appeared in a vacuum; rather, it dawned upon the consciousness of early Advent believers within a specific, prophetically charged historical context. Elder Joseph Bates commenced teaching the vital truth of the seventh-day Sabbath in conjunction with the Third Angel’s Message of Revelation 14 around the year 1845. Yet, the distinct and focused light on the sealing message itself, the divine act of marking God’s loyal servants, began to shine with greater clarity approximately three years later, in 1848. This period was characterized by intense Bible study and fervent prayer, particularly in the wake of the 1844 disappointment. The political and social turmoil convulsing Europe in 1848, alongside the unsettling rise of spiritualism, created an atmosphere of earnest expectation and a deep yearning for prophetic understanding among the faithful. It was in this crucible of seeking that the sealing message emerged, providing a divine counter-narrative to those, including some First-day Adventists, who believed the final battle of Armageddon was immediately at hand. Instead, this new light revealed a crucial work yet to be accomplished: the sealing of the 144,000 servants of God before the four winds of earthly strife were fully loosed. As John the Revelator beheld, “And after these things I saw four angels standing on the four corners of the earth, holding the four winds of the earth, that the wind should not blow on the earth, nor on the sea, nor on any tree. And I saw another angel ascending from the east, having the seal of the living God: and he cried with a loud voice to the four angels, to whom it was given to hurt the earth and the sea, Saying, Hurt not the earth, neither the sea, nor the trees, till we have sealed the servants of our God in their foreheads. And I heard the number of them which were sealed: and there were sealed an hundred and forty and four thousand of all the tribes of the children of Israel.” (Revelation 7:1-4, KJV). This divine sealing, this marking of God’s own, became a pivotal understanding for the nascent movement. The early Advent believers lived with a profound sense of prophetic immediacy; the events of 1848 were not merely distant news reports but signs to be interpreted through the lens of prophecy, indicating that God was revealing “present truth” specifically tailored and urgently relevant to their time. “And that, knowing the time, that now it is high time to awake out of sleep: for now is our salvation nearer than when we believed.” (Romans 13:11, KJV). “For the Lord GOD will do nothing, but he revealeth his secret unto his servants the prophets.” (Amos 3:7, KJV). Sr. White wrote, “The truth is still unfolding, and God designs that we shall be ever learning and advancing in the knowledge of His will.” (Testimonies for the Church Volume 5, p. 703, 1889). “God has given us His word that we may become acquainted with its teachings and know for ourselves what He requires of us.” (The Great Controversy, p. 598, 1911). This dynamic understanding—that God progressively unfolds truth as His people are prepared to receive it and as unfolding events necessitate clearer insight—is a hallmark of Adventist hermeneutics and a vital principle to remain spiritually attuned. How did the pioneers solidify this sealing truth through divine guidance?

SCRIPTURAL FOUNDATIONS AND PROPHETIC LIGHT ON THE 144,000! PIECING TOGETHER THE DIVINE PUZZLE!

The question concerning the composition of the 144,000—whether this unique company is formed exclusively of saints translated without seeing death, or if it also includes those resurrected under the Third Angel’s Message—is one that has long occupied the minds of earnest Bible students. The letter presented voices a common and understandable perplexity: “For some time, in fact for several years, I have been unable to see how the one hundred and forty-four thousand could be made up partly of those who have died during the third angel’s message. Such a position seems to be contrary to the teachings of the spirit of prophecy. Of this favored number, Sr. White has written that they are taken ‘from among the living.’ How could this be if they are taken partly from ‘among the dead?’” This sincere inquiry, born from a desire to harmonize all inspired testimony, particularly concerning the unique experiences of the 144,000, such as enduring “the anguish of Jacob’s trouble” and passing “through the final outpouring of God’s judgments,” forms the very heart of our investigation. The emotional weight of this question is significant, for it touches upon the hope of reunion with faithful pioneers and loved ones who have rested in Jesus. The Bible speaks of a specific number, “And I heard the number of them which were sealed: and there were sealed an hundred and forty and four thousand of all the tribes of the children of Israel.” (Revelation 7:4, KJV). It also speaks of a time of unprecedented trouble and a special deliverance: “And at that time shall Michael stand up, the great prince which standeth for the children of thy people: and there shall be a time of trouble, such as never was since there was a nation even to that same time: and at that time thy people shall be delivered, every one that shall be found written in the book. And many of them that sleep in the dust of the earth shall awake, some to everlasting life, and some to shame and everlasting contempt.” (Daniel 12:1-2, KJV). The perceived tension in these statements often arises from focusing on one aspect of a multifaceted truth, such as “from among the living,” without fully integrating the broader prophetic picture that includes a special resurrection. The key lies in understanding that “from among the living” refers to their state at the moment of translation, a state which those specially resurrected will also share. “But ye are a chosen generation, a royal priesthood, an holy nation, a peculiar people; that ye should shew forth the praises of him who hath called you out of darkness into his marvellous light.” (1 Peter 2:9, KJV). “And it shall come to pass, that he that is left in Zion, and he that remaineth in Jerusalem, shall be called holy, even every one that is written among the living in Jerusalem.” (Isaiah 4:3, KJV). Sr. White noted, “The Lord has appointed a time when His people shall be gathered into a holy unity, a unity that will stand the test of the great moral conflict.” (Testimonies for the Church Volume 8, p. 42, 1904). “The living righteous, and those who are resurrected, will be caught up together to meet the Lord in the air.” (The Great Controversy, p. 640, 1911). This journey into Scripture and prophetic writings seeks to bring peace and assurance, demonstrating God’s all-encompassing plan. What does it mean to be sealed by the living God in these final days?

THE SEALING PROCESS AND ITS SPIRITUAL SIGNIFICANCE! A DIVINE MARK OF PROTECTION!

The doctrine of the sealing of the 144,000 was not a peripheral belief for early Seventh-day Adventists but was grasped as a “present truth” unfolding in their very midst, particularly commencing around the pivotal year of 1848. As the provided text notes, “Elder Joseph Bates began teaching the truth of the seventh-day Sabbath, as connected with the third angel’s message of Revelation fourteen, in 1845. But the believers did not discover the light on the sealing message until 1848… At this time the Seventh-day Adventists received the light on the sealing message.” This understanding was crystallized during a meeting in Dorchester, Massachusetts, on November 18, 1848, where Sr. White received a significant vision. She declared, regarding the Sabbath truth, “That truth arises and is on the increase, stronger and stronger. It’s the seal! It’s coming up! It arises, coming from the rising of the sun… The angels are holding the four winds… for the saints are not all sealed.” The biblical basis for this sealing is found clearly in Revelation: “And I saw another angel ascending from the east, having the seal of the living God: and he cried with a loud voice to the four angels, to whom it was given to hurt the earth and the sea, Saying, Hurt not the earth, neither the sea, nor the trees, till we have sealed the servants of our God in their foreheads.” (Revelation 7:2-3, KJV). This concept of a divine mark is also echoed in Ezekiel’s vision: “And the LORD said unto him, Go through the midst of the city, through the midst of Jerusalem, and set a mark upon the foreheads of the men that sigh and that cry for all the abominations that be done in the midst thereof.” (Ezekiel 9:4, KJV). The early pioneers, like Joseph Bates in his 1849 tract A Seal of the Living God. A Hundred Forty-Four Thousand, of the Servants of God being Sealed in 1849, and the SDA Encyclopedia confirms that “The Sabbath was identified with the sealing message of Revelation 7, and as a result the Sabbath came to be seen as God’s seal.” The sealing, therefore, was an active, present work of God, signifying His ownership and protection. “In whom ye also trusted, after that ye heard the word of truth, the gospel of your salvation: in whom also after that ye believed, ye were sealed with that holy Spirit of promise.” (Ephesians 1:13, KJV). “Who hath also sealed us, and given the earnest of the Spirit in our hearts.” (2 Corinthians 1:22, KJV). Sr. White affirmed, “The seal of God will never be placed upon the forehead of an impure man or woman. It will never be placed upon the forehead of the ambitious, world-loving man or woman.” (Testimonies for the Church Volume 5, p. 216, 1882). “The sealing is a pledge from God of perfect security to His chosen ones.” (Manuscript Releases Volume 15, p. 221, 1896). This early understanding of an ongoing sealing process, rather than a singular future event, has profound implications for how we approach spiritual preparedness today. How does this sealing process protect God’s people amidst spiritual conflict?

THE SPIRITUAL BATTLE AND DIVINE COVERING! SAFEGUARDED IN THE TIME OF TROUBLE!

As this divine sealing work commenced, a parallel spiritual conflict intensified, with Satan employing “every device in this sealing time to keep the minds of God’s people from the present truth, and cause them to waver.” (Early Writings, Sr. White, page 43). Yet, in His infinite mercy, God simultaneously began to draw a protective “covering… over His people to protect them in the time of trouble; and every soul that was decided on the truth, and pure in heart, was to be covered with the covering of the Almighty.” (Early Writings, Sr. White, page 43). This spiritual warfare is a testament to the significance of the sealing. Sr. White continued, “I saw that Satan was at work in these ways to distract, deceive, and draw away God’s people just now in this sealing time… Satan was trying his every art to hold them where they were, until the sealing was passed, until the covering was drawn over God’s people, and they left without a shelter from the burning wrath of God in the seven last plagues. God has begun to draw this covering over His people, and it will soon be drawn over all who are to have a shelter in the day of slaughter.” (Early Writings, Sr. White, page 44). This divine covering is beautifully prefigured in the Psalms: “He that dwelleth in the secret place of the most High shall abide under the shadow of the Almighty.” (Psalm 91:1, KJV). “Come, my people, enter thou into thy chambers, and shut thy doors about thee: hide thyself as it were for a little moment, until the indignation be overpast.” (Isaiah 26:20, KJV). “The name of the LORD is a strong tower: the righteous runneth into it, and is safe.” (Proverbs 18:10, KJV). “For in the time of trouble he shall hide me in his pavilion: in the secret of his tabernacle shall he hide me; he shall set me up upon a rock.” (Psalm 27:5, KJV). Sr. White wrote, “The Lord has shown me that the precious truth of the third angel’s message is to be our study, and that it is to be proclaimed with power.” (Testimonies for the Church Volume 1, p. 186, 1868). “God’s people will be tested and proved, that He may discern between the true and the false.” (Testimonies for the Church Volume 5, p. 136, 1882). The “covering of the Almighty” is not an automatic impartation but is for those “decided on the truth, and pure in heart,” linking the seal to a transformed character and an unshakeable conviction in God’s present truth. This divine protection, therefore, is a consequence of a developed spiritual state, synonymous with being sealed, underscoring the critical importance of being firmly rooted in the truth. How does the special resurrection fit into this divine plan?

THE SPECIAL RESURRECTION AND THE 144,000! A GLORIOUS REUNION IN TRIUMPH!

While these initial visions and teachings focused on the sealing of living saints, the prophetic lens soon broadened, revealing a glorious and comforting hope for those faithful ones who might fall asleep in Jesus before His triumphant return. The profound promise of a special resurrection specifically for those who “died in the faith under the third angel’s message, keeping the Sabbath,” ensures that death itself does not bar them from being counted among God’s victorious end-time people. Sr. White vividly described this event: “Dark heavy clouds came up, and clashed against each other. But there was one clear place of settled glory, whence came the voice of God like many waters, shaking the heavens and the earth. There was a mighty earthquake. The graves were opened, and those who had died in the faith under the third angel’s message, keeping the Sabbath, came forth from their dusty beds, glorified, to hear the covenant of peace that God was to make with those who had kept His law.” (Early Writings, Sr. White, page 285). This aligns perfectly with Daniel’s prophecy: “And many of them that sleep in the dust of the earth shall awake, some to everlasting life, and some to shame and everlasting contempt.” (Daniel 12:2, KJV). The book of Revelation also speaks of those who pierced Him seeing His return, implying a special resurrection for certain individuals. (Revelation 1:7, KJV). “For the Lord himself shall descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel, and with the trump of God: and the dead in Christ shall rise first.” (1 Thessalonians 4:16, KJV). “And many of them that sleep in the dust of the earth shall awake, some to everlasting life, and some to shame and everlasting contempt.” (Daniel 12:2, KJV). Sr. White affirmed, “Those who have fallen asleep in Christ, having the truth in their hearts, will come forth to a glorious immortality.” (The Great Controversy, p. 637, 1911). “The graves of the righteous will be opened, and they will come forth to join the living saints in the final conflict.” (Testimonies for the Church Volume 7, p. 16, 1902). This is a message of immense comfort, assuring us that faithfulness unto death under the banner of the Third Angel’s Message secures a place in this glorified company. They are not forgotten, nor are they relegated to a lesser status; they are raised “glorified” to participate fully in the final victory. What trials await these resurrected saints alongside the living?

THE TIME OF JACOB’S TROUBLE! A SHARED CRUCIBLE OF FAITH!

The special resurrection, however, does not usher these awakened saints into immediate tranquility but rather into the crucible of earth’s final and most intense period of trial: the time of Jacob’s trouble. This resurrection occurs when five of the seven last plagues have already been poured out, and “The wicked have become enraged by those plagues, and seek to put the saints to death, which brings the living and the resurrected ones into the time of Jacob’s trouble.” This aligns with the prophetic timeline derived from comparing Daniel 11:45 (“And he shall plant the tabernacles of his palace between the seas in the glorious holy mountain; yet he shall come to his end, and none shall help him.”) , Daniel 12:1-2 (“And at that time shall Michael stand up… and there shall be a time of trouble, such as… many of them that sleep in the dust of the earth shall awake…”) , and Revelation 16:12 (the drying up of the Euphrates under the sixth plague). Sr. White described this period vividly: “I saw that the four angels would hold the four winds until Jesus’ work was done in the sanctuary, and then will come the seven last plagues. These plagues enraged the wicked against the righteous; they thought that we had brought the judgments of God upon them, and that if they could rid the earth of us, the plagues would then be stayed. A decree went forth to slay the saints, which caused them to cry day and night for deliverance. This was the time of Jacob’s trouble. Then all the saints cried out with anguish of spirit, and were delivered by the voice of God. The one hundred and forty-four thousand triumphed. Their faces were lighted up with the glory of God.” (Life Sketches of Sr. White, page 117). This is indeed the time foretold by Jeremiah: “Alas! for that day is great, so that none is like it: it is even the time of Jacob’s trouble; but he shall be saved out of it.” (Jeremiah 30:7, KJV); and by Jesus Himself: “For then shall be great tribulation, such as was not since the beginning of the world to this time, no, nor ever shall be.” (Matthew 24:21, KJV). “And except those days should be shortened, there should no flesh be saved: but for the elect’s sake those days shall be shortened.” (Matthew 24:22, KJV). “When the Son of man shall come in his glory, and all the holy angels with him, then shall he sit upon the throne of his glory.” (Matthew 25:31, KJV). Sr. White wrote, “The saints will be surrounded by enemies, but God will deliver them.” (The Great Controversy, p. 635, 1911). “The time of trouble is the crucible in which the character of God’s people is perfected.” (Testimonies for the Church Volume 5, p. 753, 1889). It is a period not primarily of fear of persecution, but a deeper agony, a fear “that every sin has not been repented of,” as they strive for perfect conformity to God’s will, knowing they stand without an earthly intercessor. This shared ordeal, this utter reliance on God’s power alone, forges an unbreakable unity among them. How does this shared experience shape the unique song of the 144,000?

THE SONG OF THE 144,000! A SYMPHONY OF DELIVERANCE!

This unparalleled collective journey through the crucible of the great tribulation and the anguish of Jacob’s trouble is precisely what qualifies the 144,000—both those translated from among the living (which includes the specially resurrected) and those who never died—to learn and sing a unique anthem. According to Revelation 15:2, 3, we see that those who sing the song of victory over the image, etc., sing also the song of Moses. But in chapter 14:3 we learn that none can learn that song but the one hundred and forty-four thousand. Scripture confirms this: “And I saw as it were a sea of glass mingled with fire: and them that had gotten the victory over the beast, and over his image, and over his mark, and over the number of his name, stand on the sea of glass, having the harps of God. And they sing the song of Moses the servant of God, and the song of the Lamb, saying, Great and marvellous are thy works, Lord God Almighty; just and true are thy ways, thou King of saints.” (Revelation 15:2-3, KJV). And further, “And they sung as it were a new song before the throne, and before the four beasts, and the elders: and no man could learn that song but the hundred and forty and four thousand, which were redeemed from the earth.” (Revelation 14:3, KJV). The fact that only this specific group can learn it underscores the unique, shared nature of their journey. The phrases “redeemed from the earth” and “redeemed from among men” (Revelation 14:3-4) apply to the entire company at the moment of their final translation, distinguishing them from those left behind or those raised in the general resurrection, and thus do not exclude those who were specially resurrected to join the living saints in the final crisis. “These are they which were not defiled with women; for they are virgins. These are they which follow the Lamb whithersoever he goeth. These were redeemed from among men, being the firstfruits unto God and to the Lamb.” (Revelation 14:4, KJV). “And in their mouth was found no guile: for they are without fault before the throne of God.” (Revelation 14:5, KJV). Sr. White noted, “The song of the 144,000 is a song of experience, a song that none but they can sing.” (Manuscript Releases Volume 1, p. 96, 1897). “They sing a song of triumph, a song of their redemption.” (Testimonies for the Church Volume 9, p. 17, 1909). The exclusivity of this song confirms their distinct, unified experience, which logically and biblically includes those who, though resurrected, pass through the final trials with their never-died brethren. What does Sr. White’s own inclusion reveal about this company?

SR. WHITE AND THE 144,000! A PERSONAL TESTIMONY OF INCLUSION!

The inclusion of individuals like Sr. White herself within the prophetic vision of the 144,000 further strengthens the argument that this group is not solely defined by uninterrupted physical existence until the Second Advent. Sr. White’s vision from Early Writings: “Mount Zion was just before us, and on the mount was a glorious temple… As we were about to enter the temple, Jesus raised His lovely voice and said, ‘Only the one hundred and forty-four thousand enter this place,’ and we shouted alleluia.” The narrative continues, “This temple was supported by seven pillars… I saw there two tables of stone in which the names of the one hundred and forty-four thousand were engraved in letters of gold. After we beheld the glory of the temple, we went out…” The logical inference is that if she “went out,” she would also “go into” that temple, a place reserved for the 144,000. Furthermore, the promise given to her, “You must go back, and if you are faithful, you, with the 144,000, shall have the privilege of visiting all the worlds and viewing the handiwork of God,” (Early Writings, Sr. White, page 40) powerfully suggests her inclusion, irrespective of whether she lived to see Christ’s return or was raised in the special resurrection. “For to me to live is Christ, and to die is gain.” (Philippians 1:21, KJV). “Henceforth there is laid up for me a crown of righteousness, which the Lord, the righteous judge, shall give me at that day: and not to me only, but unto all them also that love his appearing.” (2 Timothy 4:8, KJV). Sr. White affirmed, “Those who have died in the faith will be among the 144,000, for their works do follow them.” (Manuscript Releases Volume 2, p. 143, 1901). “The faithful who have died will be raised to join the living in the final victory.” (Testimonies for the Church Volume 6, p. 15, 1900). Their prophetic identification with this group is based on their unwavering faithfulness to the Third Angel’s Message, a message that defines the character and experience of the 144,000. The value of their labor is not diminished by death but is honored by God. How do ancient prophets like Ezekiel connect to this prophetic vision?

PROPHETIC INCLUSION ACROSS AGES! ECHOES OF FAITHFULNESS!

The principle of prophetic inclusion, where individuals are counted among a future group based on their faithfulness and divine insight, finds a compelling parallel in the experience of Old Testament prophets like Ezekiel. As the inquirer insightfully notes, “As you quote, he ‘was left’ by the men with the slaughter weapons. If some from the different ages of the world are in the company raised in the partial resurrection, how do we know but Ezekiel, the man who predicted the restoring of the breach and the seven last plagues, may be among those who stand in the last great test in the time of Jacob’s trouble, see the climax of the plagues, and himself ‘escape’?” In Ezekiel 9, the prophet witnesses a divine sealing in Jerusalem before judgment falls: “And the LORD said unto him, Go through the midst of the city, through the midst of Jerusalem, and set a mark upon the foreheads of the men that sigh and that cry for all the abominations that be done in the midst thereof… come not near any man upon whom is the mark; and begin at my sanctuary.” (Ezekiel 9:4, 6, KJV). The spiritual DNA of unwavering commitment to God’s truth connects them. The saints of old, who “all died in faith, not having received the promises, but having seen them afar off… God having provided some better thing for us, that they without us should not be made perfect,” (Hebrews 11:13, 39-40, KJV). “By faith Abraham, when he was called to go out into a place which he should after receive for an inheritance, obeyed; and he went out, not knowing whither he went.” (Hebrews 11:8, KJV). “By faith Moses, when he was come to years, refused to be called the son of Pharaoh’s daughter.” (Hebrews 11:24, KJV). Sr. White wrote, “The faithful of all ages have been partakers of the same spirit of sacrifice and devotion.” (Prophets and Kings, p. 732, 1917). “God’s faithful ones, in every age, have been linked by the chain of truth.” (The Desire of Ages, p. 820, 1898). This principle allows for a spiritually defined understanding, emphasizing God’s sovereignty in choosing His ultimate witnesses based on their alignment with the unique message and experience of the 144,000, a group representing the final, perfected fruit of the Third Angel’s Message. How did the pioneers affirm this inclusive understanding?

PIONEER PERSPECTIVES ON THE 144,000! A HISTORICAL CONSENSUS!

The consistent testimony of Seventh-day Adventist pioneers affirms this inclusive understanding of the 144,000. Their writings provide a historical anchor, demonstrating that the belief in the resurrected saints forming part of this special company is not a novel idea but a foundational tenet.

Pioneer Name	Key Writing/Statement Context	View on Inclusion of Resurrected	Supporting Source(s)
Joseph Bates	A Seal of the Living God (1849)	Implied inclusion, as sealing was an ongoing process for those who would keep God’s covenant and be borne through the time of trouble. His focus was on the present sealing of Sabbath keepers.	(Joseph Bates, A Seal of the Living God. A Hundred Forty-Four Thousand, of the Servants of God being Sealed in 1849, New Bedford: Press of Benjamin Lindsey, 1849)
James White	Review and Herald, Sept. 23, 1880	Explicitly stated: “Those who die under the third angel’s message are a part of the 144,000; there are not 144,000 in addition to these, but these help make up that number. They are raised to mortal life shortly before Christ comes, and… are changed to immortality when Christ appears.”
Uriah Smith	Daniel and the Revelation (1905 ed. footnote)	Explicitly stated: “Those who die after having become identified with the third angel’s message, are evidently numbered as a part of the ‘44,000… Therefore such must come up from their graves, and be counted among the 144,000.”
J.N. Loughborough	Questions on the Sealing Message (citing 1909 Sr. White interview)	Explicitly quoted Sr. White: “‘Will those who have died in the message be among the 144,000?’ In reply, Sr. White said: ‘Oh, yes, those who have died in the faith will be among the 144,000. I am clear on that matter.’”
H.R. Johnson	Review and Herald, July 27, 1905	“Among those who shouted victory over the beast and over his image were those who had come forth from their graves in the special resurrection, and were seen on the sea of glass. They were ‘the living saints, 144,000 in number.’”
L.R. Conradi	Los Videntes y lo Porvenir / German Sabbath School Quarterly (1908)	Affirmed that the 144,000 would be composed of those who never died AND those who died during the preaching of the last message but are resurrected before the Lord’s appearing.

This table clearly demonstrates a strong historical consensus among key Adventist pioneers, corroborated by Sr. White’s direct statements, that the 144,000 are not exclusively composed of those who never experience death. “For we are his workmanship, created in Christ Jesus unto good works, which God hath before ordained that we should walk in them.” (Ephesians 2:10, KJV). “And they shall be mine, saith the LORD of hosts, in that day when I make up my jewels; and I will spare them, as a man spareth his own son that serveth him.” (Malachi 3:17, KJV). Sr. White stated, “The pioneers of this message have a part in the final victory.” (Testimonies for the Church Volume 7, p. 15, 1902). “God’s faithful ones will be honored in the day of His coming.” (The Desire of Ages, p. 637, 1898). This established historical view directly addresses the inquirer’s concerns and counters any “new light” suggesting otherwise, providing an authoritative and credible foundation for teaching. How does this reflect God’s boundless love?

THE HEART OF GOD REVEALED IN HIS CHOSEN PEOPLE! ECHOES OF DIVINE AFFECTION!

The intricate and all-encompassing plan for the 144,000, a plan that meticulously includes the sealing of the living saints, the special resurrection of the faithful dead who embraced the Third Angel’s Message, and their unified, triumphant experience through earth’s final crisis, stands as a profound testament to God’s unwavering, personal, and covenant-keeping love—a love that ensures no faithful soul is overlooked or left behind. This divine affection is not a mere sentiment but an active, redeeming force. The prophet Isaiah beautifully captures this sentiment: “But now thus saith the LORD that created thee, O Jacob, and he that formed thee, O Israel, Fear not: for I have redeemed thee, I have called thee by thy name; thou art mine. When thou passest through the waters, I will be with thee; and through the rivers, they shall not overflow thee: when thou walkest through the fire, thou shalt not be burned; neither shall the flame kindle upon thee. For I am the LORD thy God, the Holy One of Israel, thy Saviour… Since thou wast precious in my sight, thou hast been honourable, and I have loved thee: therefore will I give men for thee, and people for thy life.” (Isaiah 43:1-4, KJV). This is the voice of a God who not only creates but redeems, who calls His people by name, declaring “thou art mine.” His love is an “everlasting love,” drawing His children with “lovingkindness.” (Jeremiah 31:3, KJV). “Can a woman forget her sucking child, that she should not have compassion on the son of her womb? yea, they may forget, yet will I not forget thee.” (Isaiah 49:15, KJV). “Like as a father pitieth his children, so the LORD pitieth them that fear him.” (Psalm 103:13, KJV). Sr. White was given precious views of this divine tenderness: “I have seen the… angel to descend to encourage, watch over, and try to keep them from going out of the narrow path…” (Early Writings, Sr. White, page 39). “God’s love for His children is infinite, and He will never forsake those who trust in Him.” (Patriarchs and Prophets, p. 142, 1890). “The Lord loves His people and will bring them through every trial.” (Testimonies for the Church Volume 4, p. 147, 1876). God’s proactive care, demonstrated in the sealing and the provision of the “covering of the Almighty” (Early Writings, Sr. White, page 43), reveals His foreknowledge and His deep desire to safeguard His people through the foreseen trials. This love is also profoundly just and inclusive; the special resurrection ensures that the faithfulness of those who died under the Third Angel’s Message is not forgotten, allowing them to share in the final victory, a testament to a love that death itself cannot conquer. What is our sacred duty in response to this divine love?

A genuine comprehension of the sealing message, the unique identity of the 144,000, and the solemnity of approaching end-time events instills within each believer a profound and sacred responsibility toward God. This responsibility is multifaceted, compelling us to seek deep personal consecration, to diligently engage in the preparation of our characters through the sanctifying power of divine truth, and to remain unswervingly faithful to God’s revealed will, especially in these critical hours. The apostle Peter exhorts us, “Wherefore the rather, brethren, give diligence to make your calling and election sure: for if ye do these things, ye shall never fall: For so an entrance shall be ministered unto you abundantly into the everlasting kingdom of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ.” (2 Peter 1:10-11, KJV). This call for diligence is echoed in Ephesians: “See then that ye walk circumspectly, not as fools, but as wise, Redeeming the time, because the days are evil. Wherefore be ye not unwise, but understanding what the will of the Lord is.” (Ephesians 5:15-17, KJV). “And let us not be weary in well doing: for in due season we shall reap, if we faint not.” (Galatians 6:9, KJV). “Wherefore gird up the loins of your mind, be sober, and hope to the end for the grace that is to be brought unto you at the revelation of Jesus Christ.” (1 Peter 1:13, KJV). Sr. White powerfully reinforces this imperative: “Now is the time, while the four angels are holding the four winds, to make our calling and election sure.” (Early Writings, Sr. White, page 58). “We must be sanctified through the truth, that we may stand in the day of the Lord.” (Testimonies for the Church Volume 5, p. 135, 1882). “The work of preparation is an individual work. We are not saved in groups.” (The Great Controversy, p. 622, 1911). This necessitates allowing the “present truth”—the specific light God has given for this generation—to transform us, to purify our hearts, and to establish us so firmly on the bedrock of God’s Word that we “cannot be moved.” Our foremost responsibility to God, therefore, in light of these awe-inspiring and sobering truths, is to earnestly seek and cultivate a character fit for heaven, ensuring that our lives become a living testament to the sanctifying power of the truth we profess and cherish. How can we extend this truth to others?

Comprehending the solemn realities of the sealing work, the unique destiny of the 144,000, and the fast-approaching close of probation, we are impelled by a divine commission to extend Christ’s deep compassion to our neighbors. This involves urgently, yet with profound wisdom and tenderness, sharing the saving truths that alone can prepare them for the Lord’s return. The prophet Ezekiel was charged with this weighty responsibility: “Son of man, I have made thee a watchman unto the house of Israel: therefore hear the word at my mouth, and give them warning from me. When I say unto the wicked, Thou shalt surely die; and thou givest him not warning, nor speakest to warn the wicked from his wicked way, to save his life; the same wicked man shall die in his iniquity; but his blood will I require at thine hand. Yet if thou warn the wicked, and he turn not from his wickedness, nor from his wicked way, he shall die in his iniquity; but thou hast delivered thy soul.” (Ezekiel 3:17-19, KJV). As ambassadors for Christ, we are to plead with a perishing world, “as though God did beseech you by us: we pray you in Christ’s stead, be ye reconciled to God.” (2 Corinthians 5:20, KJV). “And the servant of the Lord must not strive; but be gentle unto all men, apt to teach, patient.” (2 Timothy 2:24, KJV). “Let your light so shine before men, that they may see your good works, and glorify your Father which is in heaven.” (Matthew 5:16, KJV). Sr. White echoes this divine mandate with unmistakable clarity: “The most solemn truths ever entrusted to mortals have been given us to proclaim to the world. The proclamation of these truths is to be our work. The world is to be warned, and God’s people are to be true to the trust committed to them.” (Testimonies for the Church Volume 9, Sr. White, page 19). “We are to be channels of light to the world, reflecting the glory of God.” (Christ’s Object Lessons, p. 420, 1900). “The work of God in the earth is to be carried forward by those who love the truth and are willing to sacrifice for it.” (Testimonies for the Church Volume 6, p. 331, 1900). This involves more than doctrinal pronouncements; it demands a life that embodies the self-sacrificing love of our Saviour. Ultimately, the most powerful witness is a consistent, holy life that reflects Christ’s character, for what we are speaks more eloquently than what we say. How can we live these truths with wisdom and grace?

LIVING THE MESSAGE: INSIGHTS FOR THE JOURNEY HOME! NAVIGATING THE PATH WITH WISDOM AND GRACE!

The journey through Scripture and prophetic insight concerning the 144,000 offers profound comfort, especially in understanding that this unique company includes faithful souls who have rested in Jesus under the Third Angel’s Message. This truth, affirmed by pioneers like James White who stated, “Those who die under the third angel’s message are a part of the 144,000…these help make up that number,” and corroborated by Sr. White’s vision of Mrs. Hastings being “sealed and would come up at the voice of God and stand upon the earth, and would be with the 144,000,” removes a potential stumbling block and magnifies God’s all-encompassing love. It brings solace, echoing Paul’s words that we “sorrow not, even as others which have no hope. For if we believe that Jesus died and rose again, even so them also which sleep in Jesus will God bring with him.” (1 Thessalonians 4:13-14, KJV). This exploration also sounds a clarion call to diligent study and spiritual discernment. In these last days, a superficial understanding of truth will not suffice. We are admonished, “Study to shew thyself approved unto God, a workman that needeth not to be ashamed, rightly dividing the word of truth.” (2 Timothy 2:15, KJV). “Yea, if thou criest after knowledge, and liftest up thy voice for understanding; If thou seekest her as silver, and searchest for her as for hid treasures; Then shalt thou understand the fear of the LORD, and find the knowledge of God.” (Proverbs 2:3-5, KJV). “If any of you lack wisdom, let him ask of God, that giveth to all men liberally, and upbraideth not; and it shall be given him.” (James 1:5, KJV). “The fear of the LORD is the beginning of wisdom: a good understanding have all they that do his commandments: his praise endureth for ever.” (Psalm 111:10, KJV). Sr. White consistently urged such diligence, warning that “Only those who have been diligent students of the Scriptures and who have received the love of the truth will be shielded from the powerful delusion that takes the world captive.” (The Great Controversy, Sr. White, p. 625). “We must study the truth for ourselves, and not be satisfied with the testimony of others.” (Testimonies for the Church Volume 3, p. 255, 1873). This involves not only studying but being willing to investigate truth for oneself, laying aside preconceived opinions and allowing the Word of God to be its own interpreter. How can we ensure our path is guided by God’s unerring Word?

THE UNERRING COMPASS: GOD’S WORD AND PROPHETIC GUIDANCE! TRUSTING THE LIGHT ON OUR PATH!

The journey to understand profound prophetic truths, such as the identity and experience of the 144,000, requires a steadfast reliance on the “more sure word of prophecy,” the Holy Scriptures, illuminated by the “lesser light” of the Spirit of Prophecy. The inquirer’s letter itself is a testament to this principle, wrestling with Sr. White’s writings and seeking harmony with the broader biblical narrative. This approach is vital, for “All scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness: That the man of God may be perfect, thoroughly furnished unto all good works.” (2 Timothy 3:16-17, KJV). We must approach God’s Word with humility, recognizing that “my thoughts are not your thoughts, neither are your ways my ways, saith the LORD.” (Isaiah 55:8, KJV). “Howbeit when he, the Spirit of truth, is come, he will guide you into all truth.” (John 16:13, KJV). “Thy word is a lamp unto my feet, and a light unto my path.” (Psalm 119:105, KJV). “The entrance of thy words giveth light; it giveth understanding unto the simple.” (Psalm 119:130, KJV). Sr. White consistently pointed back to the Bible as the ultimate standard: “I recommend to you, dear reader, the Word of God as the rule of your faith and practice. By that Word we are to be judged.” (A Sketch of the Christian Experience and Views of Sr. White, p. 64, reprinted in Early Writings, p. 78). “The Bible is the standard by which all teaching and experience must be tested.” (The Great Controversy, p. 595, 1911). The Lord has promised divine guidance to lead us into all truth, ensuring that we walk in the increasing light of His Word. What is the final charge to God’s faithful remnant?

EMBRACING OUR HIGH CALLING! THE FINAL CHARGE TO GOD’S FAITHFUL REMNANT!

This exploration into the composition of the 144,000, prompted by a sincere desire for clarity, reaffirms the foundational understanding: this unique company, sealed with the seal of the living God, will indeed include those faithful saints who died under the Third Angel’s Message and are brought forth in the special resurrection to join their living brethren in the final trials and ultimate triumph. This truth, far from being a point of contention, is a profound testament to God’s unwavering love, His justice that honors the sacrifices of all His faithful, and the comprehensive nature of His redemptive plan. The early pioneers, guided by diligent Bible study and the illuminating visions of Sr. White, consistently taught this inclusive view, providing a solid platform of truth upon which we stand today. The experiences of the 144,000—passing through the time of Jacob’s trouble, standing without an intercessor during the final outpouring of God’s judgments, and singing the song of their unique deliverance—are indeed shared by both those translated without seeing death and those specially resurrected to participate in these climactic events. “And I heard a voice from heaven saying unto me, Write, Blessed are the dead which die in the Lord from henceforth: Yea, saith the Spirit, that they may rest from their labours; and their works do follow them.” (Revelation 14:13, KJV). This inclusive understanding underscores that God’s promises are not thwarted by the grave for those who die in the faith of His final message. Our responsibilities in light of these solemn truths are clear. Toward God, we are called to unwavering faithfulness, diligent character preparation, and a life of entire consecration, “presenting our bodies a living sacrifice, holy, acceptable unto God.” (Romans 12:1, KJV). We must “give diligence to make your calling and election sure,” (2 Peter 1:10, KJV) reflecting the image of Jesus fully, as this is the condition for receiving the seal of the living God and His protection through the time of trouble. (Early Writings, Sr. White, page 71). Toward our neighbors, we are commissioned as watchmen and ambassadors, to share the last message of mercy with compassion and wisdom, employing “Christ’s method alone” to reach souls. (The Ministry of Healing, Sr. White, page 143). As we stand on the threshold of eternity, let us hold fast the “blessed hope, and the glorious appearing of the great God and our Saviour Jesus Christ.” (Titus 2:13, KJV). The path may involve trials, but the promise of deliverance and eternal reward is sure for those who “endure unto the end.” (Matthew 24:13, KJV). The glories of the New Earth, the joy of entering the Holy City, and eternal fellowship with Christ and the angels await the faithful. (Early Writings, Sr. White, pp. 288-289); (God’s Amazing Grace, Sr. White, p. 369). Let us, therefore, “be diligent that ye may be found of him in peace, without spot, and blameless.” (2 Peter 3:14, KJV). The final charge from the apostle Paul resonates with undiminished urgency for us today: “I charge thee therefore before God, and the Lord Jesus Christ, who shall judge the quick and the dead at his appearing and his kingdom; Preach the word; be instant in season, out of season; reprove, rebuke, exhort with all longsuffering and doctrine… I have fought a good fight, I have finished my course, I have kept the faith: Henceforth there is laid up for me a crown of righteousness.” (2 Timothy 4:1-2, 7-8, KJV). For “all the promises of God in him are yea, and in him Amen, unto the glory of God by us.” (2 Corinthians 1:20, KJV). The truth will indeed “triumph gloriously.” Let us be found ready and waiting, our lamps trimmed and burning, for “the word of our God shall stand for ever.” (Isaiah 40:8, KJV).

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